Internal-combustion-motor compressor unit



Jan. 1 1927. 8 R. P. PESCARA INTERNAL COMBUSTIONl MOTOR COMPRESSOR UNIT Filed August 18, 1924 .[nvenl'or E. 1? Param' .50 `the two ramadan. 11s, 1927. 'l

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Application tiled August 18, 19.24, Serial ANo..788,811, and in France June 11, 1924.

The present invention relates to motor compressor units in which the transformation of energy'into work is eiected without any kinematic connection of the piston in-` tended to transform a reciprocatin ment into a rotary movement, .sai ratus deriving the energy necessary for their operation from combustion taking place Vwithin the apparatus themselves.

Apparatus of this kind are for example IflOVemotor compressor units, apparatus in which.

the compression of the ases or vva urs is effected in a chamber, either cylin rical or having the shape of a torus, ,the volume of 15 which is 4made variable by 'means of the movements of one or more ti ht pistons arranged in said chamber, wit this characteristic feature that the said. pistons are independent of any kinematic connection and that their reciprocating movements are sustained solely by the suitably controlled exansion of gas at high temperature coming rom combustion effected in the cylinder (or torus) itself.

It consists iirst of all in providing this type of apparatus with a device entirely or partially actuated, for4 dist 'buting and eventua ly igniting the motive or compressed v fluids and enabling the gases therein to be.

caused to follow a. 'judiciously arranged cycle,

` said cycle being of the type known as explosion or combustion, single or double act ing and comprising eventually, th'e necessary scavenging of the combustion Vgases either mixed or not at certain moments with the gases to be compressed, while certain strokes of the piston can be effected under the impulse of elastic members, such .as for example a buffer of retained at the end of the stroke within the corresponding chambers and thus pla .'ng the part of returning `s rings, and hnalllyffensurmg balancing of t e moving masses within the variable chambers either by the arrangement of twcpistons always moving .in opposite directions.

orbytheconju ationof -two single-piston apparatusv in w ich the pistonsv move respectively in opposite directions, and finally to obtain synchronism of the movement of istons (whether these two pistons move in t e same chamber or in two separate chambers) by a device which may be autosimilar manner.

Aentirely free. prises-a pluralit of orts, of whlch 13.rep-.

matic or driven by a suitable conjugation of the distributing orv ignition mechanisms.

The invention, whlch has been described above in a general manner, comprises a large number of special applications coming un- 'i der the scope thereof, while all a paratus 1 The accom anying drawing represents 'a long zgitudinal iagrammatic section of a selfcompressor motor according to the invention.

According to the invention and more especially according to that form of execupressor motor utilizing petrol according to the twostroke explosion cycle) the lapparatus can be constructed as follows orm a.

there can pitons 11 and 12 which are ecylinder 10 also com- VIn a cylindrical chamber 10 move two tight resents inlets o car uretted air which are closed. by automatic valves, such as 14 and' communlcatingwith the suction nozzle of a Carburettor 9.

The exhaust portsl 15, 16 are closed by valves, such as 1 18, the lift of said valves 'being controlled` by small pistons 19, 20,

on the face of which acts the pressure existing at the extremities of the cylinder, whlch is made to act on said small pistons b means of tubes 21, 22 openino' into the cylinder at 23, 24. The closing ofD the valves 1s effected by the returning springs 25, 26.

The apparatus is 'provided with three valves such as 17 and three others such as 18. Inlets 27, 28 for air from the atmosphere are placed in the cylinder heads and each 1s 'to tion to which the' figure refers (supposing that it is required to construct a self-com-v fitted with an automatic valve 29, 30. 31 and 32 represent ports for the discharge of the compressed air, these ports being controlled by automatic-valves 33,134, v

This apparatus does not comprise'any elements for auxiliary ignition, the combustion of the mixturebeingcaused by spontaneous combustion due to the rise in temperature produced b the preliminary compression which is su ciently high.

The self-compressor motor operates in the following manner:

The two pistons 11 and 12 are first forced suiiiciently close together to compress between them and ignite at high pressure a combustible mixture which has been in'ected into the space between the pistons. his initial movement of the pistons may be accomplished by injecting compressed air from the reservoir into the ends of the cylinder. For example, the valves 33 and 34 may be provided with lever 33a and 3ft by means of which the valves can be manually opened against the resistance ofthe springs to adrnit compressed air to each end of the cylin- When the combustible mixture ignites, the pistons are forced in op osite directions, toward the ends of the cyllnder, by the expansion of the burnt gases and compress the fresh air, which, at this moment fills the cylinder heads.

Each iston therefore comprises a driving face and a face serving for compression. We will first examine what takes place on the side of the driving face. The burnt gases expand from`the central position of the pistons until the inner faces of these latter pass beyond the edge ofthe ports 15,16.

At this moment the valves 17, 18, open under the pressure existing in the cylinderheadstand acting upon the pistons 19, 20. The burnt gases then escape suddenly and leave behind them a certain vacuum caused by their inertia, and increased by the continuation of the movement of the pistons in view of the velocity acquired. The automating valves 14 then open and allow a fresh charge of carburetted air to enter the cylinder which fills this latter up to the ports 15 and 16. During this time the pistons 11 and 12 have arrived at the end of their stroke and imprison, between their outer faces and the cylinder-heads, a certain uantity of compressed air which clampsv i. remaine open., since the ports 23, 24 were closed by the pistons and did not permit of the evacuation of the compressed air acting upon the small pistons I19, 20; at the moment when the inner faces of the pistons 11, 12 register with the pprts 15, 16, the exhaust valves 17, 18 close;v

The pistons 11, 12 then continue their stroke in the opposite direction and towards each other, compressing the carburetted mixture comprised between them, while the automatic valves 14 close the orifices 13 as soon as the pressure between the pistons reaches atmospheric pressure. As the gaseous buffer provided at the end of the expansion stroke of the pistons 11, 12 between these latter and the heads of the cylinder l0 is calculated to provide them with kinetic energy sufficient to cause a compression resulting in spontaneous ignition of the carburetted mixture, the same cycle of operations continues indelinitely.v

By their outer faces, the pistons driven by the expansion of the burnt gases, compress the fresh air contained in the cylinder-heads, until the automatic valves 33 and 34 open and permit of the discharge at constant pressure of the compressed air into the reservoir.

This operation continues until the pistons pass the ports 31, 32. Starting from this moment, their momentum is deadened and absorbed by the gaseous bufers comprised between the said pistons 11, l2 and the cylinder-heads. These gaseous buffers then play the part of returning springs and force the pistons towards the centre, at the same time expanding to atmospheric pressure.

Of course the automatic valves 33, 3-1 close as soon as the ,pressure-in the cylinders falls below the discharge pressure and this takes place automatically when the pistons return before the ports 31, 32.

When the gaseousbuler has expanded down to atmospheric pressure, the automatic valves 29, 30, open the ports 27, 28 and allow a further quantity of fresh air for the following compression to enter up to the end of the stroke of the pistons.

`In this manner, a two-stroke cycle selfcompressor motor is obtained, with spontaneous ignition and distribution by means of automatic valves, as regards the admistil) sion of fresh air and carburetted air and the discharge of the compressed air` while the valves controlling the exhaust of the burnt gases are actuated by the pressure of the compressed air. In the compressor in question balancing of the masses in movement is obtained by the arrangement of two pistons acting in opposite directions.

In an apparatus of this kind the synchronization of the pistons is obtained automatically owing to the arrangement ofthe combustion chamber in the centre of the machine, without it being necessary to have recourse to a positively operated device for ignition or distribution.

Any irregularity in the movement of the pistons would have, as its consequence, the ignition of the carburetted'mixture at a time when the pistons 11, 12 would not occupy positions equidistant from the centre of the `deadens upon the `buli'er a greater amount of kinetic energy and` returns more rapidly towards the centre. The stoppage of the two pistons therefore takes place in a more cor` rect position and the same phenomenon is repeated up to perfect synchronism.

It is obvious that the invention is not in anyway limited to the form shown more specifically and many kinds of modifications are possible. I claim 1. A motor-coii'ipressor comprisingl in combination: two pistons, acylinder closed at both ends and in which the pistons slide freely, means forI admitting carburetted air in said cylinder between said pistons, exhaust ports in said cylinder at two points between its ends, valves'closing said ports. air inlets in the closed end portions of said cylinder, automatic valves closing said air inlets, air discharge poits in said cylinder between said exhaust ports and said cylinder ends, automatic valves closing said air discharge ports, and means for causing the valves controlling said exhaust ports to open under the action of the pressure in the closed cylinder ends, all of said ports being controlled by the respective pistons.

2. A niotor-coiiipressor comprising in conibinatioii: two pistons, a cylinder closed at both ends in which the pistons slide freely., means for admitting carburetted air in said cylinder between said pistons, exhaust ports in said cylinder at two points between its ends, valves closing said ports, air inlets in the closed end portions of said cylinder, automatic valves closing said air inlets, air discharge ports in said cylinder, betweenI said exhaust ports and said cylinder ends, lalitoiiiatic valves closing said air discharge ports,

a piston connected to each of the valves controlling said exhaust ports, a cylinder for each last named piston, a conduit connecting each cylinder to the main cylinder, at a point between the corresponding exhaust port thereof'and the closed end thereof, all of said -ports and conduits being controlled/'by the respective main pistons.

3. In a Amotor-compressor, a piston, a closed cylinder in-wliich said piston slides freely, means for admitting motive fluid on` (Sliy 4. In a motor-compressor, a piston, a

closed cylinder in which said piston slides freely, .means for admitting motive fluid on one side of said piston, an exhaust port in said cylinder at apoint between its ends, a valve closing said port, means for causing said valve to open under the action of the pressure on the other side of the piston, said port being controlled by the piston, and means actuated by the piston for compressing air.

5. In a motor-compressor, a main piston, a closed `main cylinder in which said main piston slides freely, means for admitting motive fluid on one side ot saidpistoinan exhaust port in said cylinder at a point between its ends, a valve closing said port, a piston connected to said valve, a cylinder for said piston, a connection from said cylinder to the main cylinder and opening therein at a point between said exhaust port and the cylinderl end opposite the other side of the main piston, said port and connection being controlled by said main piston, and means actuated by said main piston for compressing air.

G. In a motor-compressor, a piston, a cylinder iii which said piston slides freely, iiieaiis for admitting motive fluid to the cyliiider at one side of said piston, the cylinder at the other side of said piston being closed to serve as an air compressor, inlet and outlet air valves in this closed end portion of the cylinder, an exhaust port for the motive iuid communicating with the cylinder at a point between its ends, a valve closing this port, a pressure'responsive device for opening said valve, and a conduit connecting this device with the compression space between the exhaust valve and the tween tlie pistons and the closed ends of the` cylinder, exhaust ports for the motive fluid communicating-With the cylinder at points intermediate its central portion and its closed ends, valves for closing the exhaust ports,

pressureresponsive devices for opening the exhaust valves, these pressure responsive devices being in operative communication with the compression 4spaces at the ends of the cylinder.

RAUL iATERAs PESCARA. 

